» » Daun Pepaya Berdasarkan Hasil Penelitian Terbukti Memperlambat Perkembangan Sel Kanker dan Tumor !!! Ayo, Sebarkan Info Penting Ini !!!

What is the Forex market? • What is Forex? – The basics… Basically, the Forex market is where banks, businesses, governments, investors and traders come to exchange and speculate on currencies. The Forex market is also referred to as the ‘Fx market’, ‘Currency market’, ‘Foreign exchange currency market’ or ‘Foreign currency market’, and it is the largest and most liquid market in the world with an average daily turnover of $3.98 trillion. The Fx market is open 24 hours a day, 5 days a week with the most important world trading centers being located in London, New York, Tokyo, Zurich, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Singapore, Paris, and Sydney. It should be noted that there is no central marketplace for the Forex market; trading is instead said to be conducted ‘over the counter’; it’s not like stocks where there is a central marketplace with all orders processed like the NYSE. Forex is a product quoted by all the major banks, and not all banks will have the exact same price. Now, the broker platforms take all theses feeds from the different banks and the quotes we see from our broker are an approximate average of them. It’s the broker who is effectively transacting the trade and taking the other side of it…they ‘make the market’ for you. When you buy a currency pair…your broker is selling it to you, not ‘another trader’. • A brief history of the Forex market Ok, I admit, this part is going to be a little bit boring, but it’s important to have some basic background knowledge of the history of the Forex market so that you know a little bit about why it exists and how it got here. So here is the history of the Forex market in a nutshell: In 1876, something called the gold exchange standard was implemented. Basically it said that all paper currency had to be backed by solid gold; the idea here was to stabilize world currencies by pegging them to the price of gold. It was a good idea in theory, but in reality it created boom-bust patterns which ultimately led to the demise of the gold standard. The gold standard was dropped around the beginning of World War 2 as major European countries did not have enough gold to support all the currency they were printing to pay for large military projects. Although the gold standard was ultimately dropped, the precious metal never lost its spot as the ultimate form of monetary value. The world then decided to have fixed exchange rates that resulted in the U.S. dollar being the primary reserve currency and that it would be the only currency backed by gold, this is known as the ‘Bretton Woods System’ and it happened in 1944 (I know you super excited to know that). In 1971 the U.S. declared that it would no longer exchange gold for U.S. dollars that were held in foreign reserves, this marked the end of the Bretton Woods System. It was this break down of the Bretton Woods System that ultimately led to the mostly global acceptance of floating foreign exchange rates in 1976. This was effectively the “birth” of the current foreign currency exchange market, although it did not become widely electronically traded until about the mid 1990s. (OK! Now let’s move on to some more entertaining topics!)… What is Forex Trading? Forex trading as it relates to retail traders (like you and I) is the speculation on the price of one currency against another. For example, if you think the euro is going to rise against the U.S. dollar, you can buy the EURUSD currency pair low and then (hopefully) sell it at a higher price to make a profit. Of course, if you buy the euro against the dollar (EURUSD), and the U.S. dollar strengthens, you will then be in a losing position. So, it’s important to be aware of the risk involved in trading Forex, and not only the reward. • Why is the Forex market so popular? Being a Forex trader offers the most amazing potential lifestyle of any profession in the world. It’s not easy to get there, but if you are determined and disciplined, you can make it happen. Here’s a quick list of skills you will need to reach your goals in the Forex market: Ability – to take a loss without becoming emotional Confidence – to believe in yourself and your trading strategy, and to have no fear Dedication – to becoming the best Forex trader you can be Discipline – to remain calm and unemotional in a realm of constant temptation (the market) Flexibility – to trade changing market conditions successfully Focus – to stay concentrated on your trading plan and to not stray off course Logic – to look at the market from an objective and straight forward perspective Organization – to forge and reinforce positive trading habits Patience – to wait for only the highest-probability trading strategies according to your plan Realism – to not think you are going to get rich quick and understand the reality of the market and trading Savvy – to take advantage of your trading edge when it arises and be aware of what is happening in the market at all times Self-control – to not over-trade and over-leverage your trading account As traders, we can take advantage of the high leverage and volatility of the Forex market by learning and mastering and effective Forex trading strategy, building an effective trading plan around that strategy, and following it with ice-cold discipline. Money management is key here; leverage is a double-edged sword and can make you a lot of money fast or lose you a lot of money fast. The key to money management in Forex trading is to always know the exact dollar amount you have at risk before entering a trade and be TOTALLY OK with losing that amount of money, because any one trade could be a loser. More on money management later in the course. • Who trades Forex and why? Banks – The interbank market allows for both the majority of commercial Forex transactions and large amounts of speculative trading each day. Some large banks will trade billions of dollars, daily. Sometimes this trading is done on behalf of customers, however much is done by proprietary traders who are trading for the bank’s own account. Companies – Companies need to use the foreign exchange market to pay for goods and services from foreign countries and also to sell goods or services in foreign countries. An important part of the daily Forex market activity comes from companies looking to exchange currency in order to transact in other countries. Governments / Central banks – A country’s central bank can play an important role in the foreign exchange markets. They can cause an increase or decrease in the value of their nation’s currency by trying to control money supply, inflation, and (or) interest rates. They can use their substantial foreign exchange reserves to try and stabilize the market. Hedge funds – Somewhere around 70 to 90% of all foreign exchange transactions are speculative in nature. This means, the person or institutions that bought or sold the currency has no plan of actually taking delivery of the currency; instead, the transaction was executed with sole intention of speculating on the price movement of that particular currency. Retail speculators (you and I) are small cheese compared to the big hedge funds that control and speculate with billions of dollars of equity each day in the currency markets. Individuals – If you have ever traveled to a different country and exchanged your money into a different currency at the airport or bank, you have already participated in the foreign currency exchange market. Investors – Investment firms who manage large portfolios for their clients use the Fx market to facilitate transactions in foreign securities. For example, an investment manager controlling an international equity portfolio needs to use the Forex market to purchase and sell several currency pairs in order to pay for foreign securities they want to purchase. Retail Forex traders – Finally, we come to retail Forex traders (you and I). The retail Forex trading industry is growing everyday with the advent of Forex trading platforms and their ease of accessibility on the internet. Retail Forex traders access the market indirectly either through a broker or a bank. There are two main types of retail Forex brokers that provide us with the ability to speculate on the currency market: brokers and dealers. Brokers work as an agent for the trader by trying to find the best price in the market and executing on behalf of the customer. For this, they charge a commission on top of the price obtained in the market. Dealers are also called market makers because they ‘make the market’ for the trader and act as the counter-party to their transactions, they quote a price they are willing to deal at and are compensated through the spread, which is the difference between the buy and sell price (more on this later). Advantages of Trading the Forex Market: • Forex is the largest market in the world, with daily volumes exceeding $3 trillion per day. This means dense liquidity which makes it easy to get in and out of positions. • Trade whenever you want: There is no opening bell in the Forex market. You can enter or exit a trade whenever you want from Sunday around 5pm EST to Friday around 4pm EST. • Ease of access: You can fund your trading account with as little as $250 at many retail brokers and begin trading the same day in some cases. Straight through order execution allows you to trade at the click of a mouse. • Fewer currency pairs to focus on, instead of getting lost trying to analyze thousands of stocks • Freedom to trade anywhere in the world with the only requirements being a laptop and internet connection. • Commission-free trading with many retail market-makers and overall lower transaction costs than stocks and commodities. • Volatility allows traders to profit in any market condition and provides for high-probability weekly trading opportunities. Also, there is no structural market bias like the long bias of the stock market, so traders have equal opportunity to profit in rising or falling markets. While the forex market is clearly a great market to trade, I would note to all beginners that trading carries both the potential for reward and risk. Many people come into the markets thinking only about the reward and ignoring the risks involved, this is the fastest way to lose all of your trading account money. If you want to get started trading the Fx market on the right track, it’s critical that you are aware of and accept the fact that you could lose on any given trade you take.

Daun Pepaya Berdasarkan Hasil Penelitian Terbukti Memperlambat Perkembangan Sel Kanker dan Tumor !!! Ayo, Sebarkan Info Penting Ini !!!

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TipssehatBunda - Anda tentu sudah tidak asing lagi dengan pepaya.

Boleh dibilang, pepaya merupakan tanaman tropis yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia.

Anda bisa menemukan tanaman pepaya di mana-mana.

Pepaya merupakan buah dan tanaman yang serbaguna dan bisa dimakan baik matang ataupun mentah.

Selain itu, menariknya tanaman ini, tidak hanya buahnya saja yang dapat dikonsumsi, tetapi daun dan akarnya pun bisa Anda konsumsi.

Selama ini pepaya, baik buah, akar maupun daunnya mungkin hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan, padahal pepaya juga memiliki banyak manfaat sebagai obat untuk menangkal beberapa penyakit.


Daun tanaman anggota famili Caricaceae itu memiliki rasa pahit yang khas dan secara tradisional dikenal berkhasiat antimalaria, antibakteri, dan antiinflamasi.

Penelitian Ni Nyoman Mahatriny dan rekan dari Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Udayana, Bali, membuktikan bahwa daun pepaya memiliki senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, dan tanin.

Senyawa aktif dalam daun pepaya itu berkhasiat mengencerkan darah, menurunkan kadar gula, dan melarutkan lemak dalam darah. Faedah lain, daun pepaya juga mampu menghambat dan mematikan sel kanker payudara lantaran flavonoid bersifat antioksidan kuat.

Menurut dokter spesialis penyakit dalam di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat dr Sardjito, Yogyakarta, Prof Nyoman Kertia SpPD, pemicu kanker payudara antara lain faktor keturunan, kebersihan payudara, tidak pernah menyusui, dan pertambahan usia.

Pemicu lain sel kanker adalah radikal bebas atau bahan karsinogenik. Sebenarnya tubuh memproduksi antioksidan untuk menangkal radikal bebas. Namun, bila radikal bebas terlalu banyak sedangkan antioksidan yang diproduksi tubuh tidak mencukupi untuk melawan radikal bebas, maka akan menyebabkan stres oksidatif atau ketidakseimbangan antara radikal bebas dan antioksidan.

Ketidakseimbangan itu memicu kerusakan deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) yang mengakibatkan terjadinya kanker. Untuk menambah jumlah antioksidan dalam tubuh, diperlukan asupan makanan yang mengandung antioksidan seperti buah atau sayuran. Sebagai salah satu sayuran, daun pepaya mengandung senyawa flavonoida yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Anggota staf pengajar di Jurusan Gizi Kesehatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Fatma Zahrotun Nisa’ meneliti 5 jenis daun pepaya untuk mencari satu jenis daun pepaya yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tinggi untuk diuji kemampuannya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan dan memacu kematian sel kanker payudara.

Kelimanya adalah daun pepaya grendel, bangkok, kalina, ungu, dan emas. Fatma memperoleh daun pepaya itu dari petani di Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Dari kelima jenis pepaya itu ternyata pepaya grendel mempunyai antioksidan tertinggi. Pepaya grendel lebih dikenal sebagai pepaya lanang atau jantan karena tidak berbuah dan hanya menghasilkan bunga.

Kanker bunuh diri
Fatma melanjutkan penelitian itu dengan pengujian khasiat secara spesifik dan pengaruh terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 secara in vitro. Dalam penelitian itu, Fatma membandingkan kemampuan penghambatan ekstrak daun pepaya dengan doksorubisin dan senyawa murni quersetin.

Doksorubisin adalah antibiotik golongan antrasiklin, yang banyak digunakan untuk kemoterapi. Adapun quersetin bersifat sebagai antioksidan dan biasa dijumpai dalam sayuran, buah, dan daun. Dari hasil uji IC50 atau konsentrasi penghambatan 50 persen sel kanker didapatkan untuk doksorubisin 3,78 mikrogram/ml, quersetin 111, 36 mikrogram per ml, sedangkan daun pepaya 1319,25 mikrogram per ml. Nilai IC50 daun pepaya lebih besar karena merupakan bahan makanan, bukan obat maupun senyawa murni seperti doksorubisin dan quersetin.

Pada uji apoptosis atau kematian sel, Fatma menggunakan konsentrasi ekstrak daun pepaya setengah dari nilai IC50, yang diperoleh dalam pengujian penghambatan pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara. Hasilnya dosis ekstrak daun pepaya 659,63 mikrogram per ml mampu mematikan 22,54% sel kanker payudara. Sedangkan doksorubisin mematikan sel kanker payudara hingga 86,80%. Selain itu, ibu 3 anak itu juga menguji efek kombinasi doksorubisin dan ekstrak daun pepaya. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi dengan perbandingan 50:50 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara hingga 87,42%.

Kelebihan dari penggunaan bahan makanan sebagai anti kanker adalah bertindak secara spesifik terhadap sel kanker. Sel normal yang berada di sekitar sel kanker tidak terpengaruh oleh kemampuan ekstrak daun pepaya, sehingga sel normal tidak mengalami kematian atau apoptosis. Sementara penggunaan obat kemoterapi seperti doksorubisin dapat mengakibatkan kematian dari sel normal atau yang sering dikenal dengan efek samping.

Herbalis di Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Valentina Indrajati, juga menggunakan daun pepaya grendel untuk menyembuhkan kanker payudara. Menurut Valentina daun pepaya grendel memilki kandungan karpain yaitu sejenis alkaoid dan metilen yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker yang berbahaya bagi tubuh. Ia mengombinasikan 15 g daun pepaya grendel, 15 g rimpang kunyit putih, dan 10 g daun tapak dara.

Untuk memperoleh khasiat herbal itu, kita tinggal menyeduh ramuan itu dengan air mendidih, biarkan hingga dingin, kemudian konsumsi. Menurut Valentina pemberian herbal secara tunggal dapat mengobati kanker. Namun khasiat akan lebih optimal bila diberikan bersama dengan herbal lain yang menunjang proses persembuhan. Efek penyembuhan dalam tubuh terjadi secara sistemik, tidak hanya berdasar organ atau gejala klinis yang timbul.
Beberapa pasien datang kepada Valentina dengan organ payudara membengkak akibat serangan kanker. Darah juga mulai mengalir. Setelah mengonsumsi racikan daun pepaya grendel, kondisi mereka berangsur membaik.

Pembengkakan mengecil dan perdarahan berhenti. Selain ekstrak daun pepaya grendel, Valentina juga meresepkan herbal lain sepeti benalu teh, kunyit putih, bawang dayak, atau herbal penunjang lain yang mampu menuntaskan kanker. Alternatif itu muncul lantaran kondisi setiap orang berbeda. Kecocokan bahan herbal dengan kondisi penderita mempengaruhi kinerja bahan herbal dalam menyembuhkan kanker.

Tolong bagikan info ini ke teman, kerabat, dan keluarga Anda.

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