What is the Forex market?
• What is Forex? – The basics…
Basically, the Forex market is where banks, businesses, governments, investors and traders come to exchange and speculate on currencies. The Forex market is also referred to as the ‘Fx market’, ‘Currency market’, ‘Foreign exchange currency market’ or ‘Foreign currency market’, and it is the largest and most liquid market in the world with an average daily turnover of $3.98 trillion.
The Fx market is open 24 hours a day, 5 days a week with the most important world trading centers being located in London, New York, Tokyo, Zurich, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Singapore, Paris, and Sydney.
It should be noted that there is no central marketplace for the Forex market; trading is instead said to be conducted ‘over the counter’; it’s not like stocks where there is a central marketplace with all orders processed like the NYSE. Forex is a product quoted by all the major banks, and not all banks will have the exact same price. Now, the broker platforms take all theses feeds from the different banks and the quotes we see from our broker are an approximate average of them. It’s the broker who is effectively transacting the trade and taking the other side of it…they ‘make the market’ for you. When you buy a currency pair…your broker is selling it to you, not ‘another trader’.
• A brief history of the Forex market
Ok, I admit, this part is going to be a little bit boring, but it’s important to have some basic background knowledge of the history of the Forex market so that you know a little bit about why it exists and how it got here. So here is the history of the Forex market in a nutshell:
In 1876, something called the gold exchange standard was implemented. Basically it said that all paper currency had to be backed by solid gold; the idea here was to stabilize world currencies by pegging them to the price of gold. It was a good idea in theory, but in reality it created boom-bust patterns which ultimately led to the demise of the gold standard.
The gold standard was dropped around the beginning of World War 2 as major European countries did not have enough gold to support all the currency they were printing to pay for large military projects. Although the gold standard was ultimately dropped, the precious metal never lost its spot as the ultimate form of monetary value.
The world then decided to have fixed exchange rates that resulted in the U.S. dollar being the primary reserve currency and that it would be the only currency backed by gold, this is known as the ‘Bretton Woods System’ and it happened in 1944 (I know you super excited to know that). In 1971 the U.S. declared that it would no longer exchange gold for U.S. dollars that were held in foreign reserves, this marked the end of the Bretton Woods System.
It was this break down of the Bretton Woods System that ultimately led to the mostly global acceptance of floating foreign exchange rates in 1976. This was effectively the “birth” of the current foreign currency exchange market, although it did not become widely electronically traded until about the mid 1990s.
(OK! Now let’s move on to some more entertaining topics!)…
What is Forex Trading?
Forex trading as it relates to retail traders (like you and I) is the speculation on the price of one currency against another. For example, if you think the euro is going to rise against the U.S. dollar, you can buy the EURUSD currency pair low and then (hopefully) sell it at a higher price to make a profit. Of course, if you buy the euro against the dollar (EURUSD), and the U.S. dollar strengthens, you will then be in a losing position. So, it’s important to be aware of the risk involved in trading Forex, and not only the reward.
• Why is the Forex market so popular?
Being a Forex trader offers the most amazing potential lifestyle of any profession in the world. It’s not easy to get there, but if you are determined and disciplined, you can make it happen. Here’s a quick list of skills you will need to reach your goals in the Forex market:
Ability – to take a loss without becoming emotional
Confidence – to believe in yourself and your trading strategy, and to have no fear
Dedication – to becoming the best Forex trader you can be
Discipline – to remain calm and unemotional in a realm of constant temptation (the market)
Flexibility – to trade changing market conditions successfully
Focus – to stay concentrated on your trading plan and to not stray off course
Logic – to look at the market from an objective and straight forward perspective
Organization – to forge and reinforce positive trading habits
Patience – to wait for only the highest-probability trading strategies according to your plan
Realism – to not think you are going to get rich quick and understand the reality of the market and trading
Savvy – to take advantage of your trading edge when it arises and be aware of what is happening in the market at all times
Self-control – to not over-trade and over-leverage your trading account
As traders, we can take advantage of the high leverage and volatility of the Forex market by learning and mastering and effective Forex trading strategy, building an effective trading plan around that strategy, and following it with ice-cold discipline. Money management is key here; leverage is a double-edged sword and can make you a lot of money fast or lose you a lot of money fast. The key to money management in Forex trading is to always know the exact dollar amount you have at risk before entering a trade and be TOTALLY OK with losing that amount of money, because any one trade could be a loser. More on money management later in the course.
• Who trades Forex and why?
Banks – The interbank market allows for both the majority of commercial Forex transactions and large amounts of speculative trading each day. Some large banks will trade billions of dollars, daily. Sometimes this trading is done on behalf of customers, however much is done by proprietary traders who are trading for the bank’s own account.
Companies – Companies need to use the foreign exchange market to pay for goods and services from foreign countries and also to sell goods or services in foreign countries. An important part of the daily Forex market activity comes from companies looking to exchange currency in order to transact in other countries.
Governments / Central banks – A country’s central bank can play an important role in the foreign exchange markets. They can cause an increase or decrease in the value of their nation’s currency by trying to control money supply, inflation, and (or) interest rates. They can use their substantial foreign exchange reserves to try and stabilize the market.
Hedge funds – Somewhere around 70 to 90% of all foreign exchange transactions are speculative in nature. This means, the person or institutions that bought or sold the currency has no plan of actually taking delivery of the currency; instead, the transaction was executed with sole intention of speculating on the price movement of that particular currency. Retail speculators (you and I) are small cheese compared to the big hedge funds that control and speculate with billions of dollars of equity each day in the currency markets.
Individuals – If you have ever traveled to a different country and exchanged your money into a different currency at the airport or bank, you have already participated in the foreign currency exchange market.
Investors – Investment firms who manage large portfolios for their clients use the Fx market to facilitate transactions in foreign securities. For example, an investment manager controlling an international equity portfolio needs to use the Forex market to purchase and sell several currency pairs in order to pay for foreign securities they want to purchase.
Retail Forex traders – Finally, we come to retail Forex traders (you and I). The retail Forex trading industry is growing everyday with the advent of Forex trading platforms and their ease of accessibility on the internet. Retail Forex traders access the market indirectly either through a broker or a bank. There are two main types of retail Forex brokers that provide us with the ability to speculate on the currency market: brokers and dealers. Brokers work as an agent for the trader by trying to find the best price in the market and executing on behalf of the customer. For this, they charge a commission on top of the price obtained in the market. Dealers are also called market makers because they ‘make the market’ for the trader and act as the counter-party to their transactions, they quote a price they are willing to deal at and are compensated through the spread, which is the difference between the buy and sell price (more on this later).
Advantages of Trading the Forex Market:
• Forex is the largest market in the world, with daily volumes exceeding $3 trillion per day. This means dense liquidity which makes it easy to get in and out of positions.
• Trade whenever you want: There is no opening bell in the Forex market. You can enter or exit a trade whenever you want from Sunday around 5pm EST to Friday around 4pm EST.
• Ease of access: You can fund your trading account with as little as $250 at many retail brokers and begin trading the same day in some cases. Straight through order execution allows you to trade at the click of a mouse.
• Fewer currency pairs to focus on, instead of getting lost trying to analyze thousands of stocks
• Freedom to trade anywhere in the world with the only requirements being a laptop and internet connection.
• Commission-free trading with many retail market-makers and overall lower transaction costs than stocks and commodities.
• Volatility allows traders to profit in any market condition and provides for high-probability weekly trading opportunities. Also, there is no structural market bias like the long bias of the stock market, so traders have equal opportunity to profit in rising or falling markets.
While the forex market is clearly a great market to trade, I would note to all beginners that trading carries both the potential for reward and risk. Many people come into the markets thinking only about the reward and ignoring the risks involved, this is the fastest way to lose all of your trading account money. If you want to get started trading the Fx market on the right track, it’s critical that you are aware of and accept the fact that you could lose on any given trade you take.
INILAH ALASAN MENGAPA SEBAIKNYA JANGAN BURU-BURU MEMOTONG TALI PUSAR PADA BAYI YANG BARU LAHIR !!
Memotong tali pusat adalah momen penting dalam kehidupan seorang bayi. Selama sembilan bulan, bayi hidup dalam kandungan hanya bergantung pada tali pusat sebagai penyambung segala asupan gizi dari sang ibu. Kemudian, tak lama setelah kelahirannya ke dunia, tali pusat bayi dipotong. Sering kali sang ayah sendiri yang akan melakukan seremoni pemotongan tali pusat bayi.
Banyak dokter yang secara rutin memotong tali pusat bayi segera setelah lahir karena dianggap sebagai upaya menurunkan risiko perdarahan berat pada ibu. Namun, penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa menunggu barang beberapa menit untuk memotong tali pusat dapat bermanfaat bagi bayi dalam jangka panjang. Kenapa?
Apa manfaat menunda potong tali pusat bayi?
1. Melancarkan pernapasan bayi
Tali pusat menghubungkan bayi kepada plasenta di rahim ibu, yang berfungsi untuk mengangkut oksigen dan nutrisi ke bayi, dan membawa pergi produk limbah yang berasal dari bayi — seperti karbon dioksida. Tali pusat juga merupakan saluran untuk mengirimkan antibodi yang akan melindungi bayi setelah lahir. Umum untuk dokter untuk memotong tali pusat segera, dalam waktu 15 sampai 20 detik lahir, kecuali bayi prematur.
Menunggu beberapa menit sebelum penjepitan tali pusat memungkinkan ada lebih banyak pasokan darah segar kaya zat besi yang dikirim dari plasenta untuk mencapai bayi yang baru lahir. Aliran darah segar dari plasenta mungkin masih mengalir sampai lima menit setelah bayi lahir, tapi transfer darah plasenta paling optimal terjadi dalam menit pertama — dan ada peningkatan bukti bahwa ia memiliki beberapa manfaat kesehatan.
Di antara banyak manfaat dari menjaga tali pusar tetap utuh setelah bayi lahir adalah bahwa darah beroksigen yang mengalir melaluinya akan melengkapi napas pertama bayi. Di dalam rahim, plasenta bertindak sebagai paru-paru janin. Tapi dalam hitungan detik setelah kelahiran, perubahan sirkulasi darah dan paru-paru janin yang tadinya terisi cairan kini mengembang karena bayi menghirup udara. Terlalu cepat memotong akses ke sisa-sisa darah plasenta dalam tali pusar membuat bayi kehilangan kesempatan untuk mendapatkan oksigen tambahan untuk memperkaya napas pertama mereka.
2. Mencegah bayi terkena anemia
Penelitian medis menunjukkan adanya efek positif lain dari menunda penjepitan tali pusat setelah bayi lahir hingga masa tumbuh kembangnya nanti, termasuk peningkatan simpanan zat besi, volume darah dan perkembangan otak. Menunggu beberapa menit sebelum memotong tali pusar memungkinkan lebih banyak darah kaya zat besi dari plasenta untuk mencapai bayi yang baru lahir. Dengan demikian, menunda memotong tali pusar bayi begitu ia lahir dapat menurunkan risiko anak mengembangkan anemia defisiensi darah begitu ia besar nanti.
Anemia defisiensi besi merupakan masalah defisiensi nutrien paling umum ditemukan pada anak di seluruh dunia terutama di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Berdasarkan survei terakhir dari Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI), angka kejadian anemia defisiensi besi pada anak balita di Indonesia dilaporkan sekitar 48,1 persen dan 47,3% pada kelompok usia anak sekolah. Kekurangan zat besi ringan ditemukan dapat menunda perkembangan kognitif anak. Bayi yang mengalami anemia sering tampak lesu dan pucat.
Dilansir dari USA Today, penelitian terdahulu milik Ola Andersson, dokter spesialis neonatologi dan pediatrik di Universitas Uppsala Swedia, menunjukkan bahwa bayi yang ditunda pemotongan tali pusatnya memiliki ketahanan tubuh hingga 90% untuk tidak mudah terkena anemia defisiensi besi saat mereka berusia 4 bulan.
3. Meningkatkan kemampuan motorik bayi
Dalam studi terbarunya, Andersson menemukan bahwa bayi yang lahir full-term dan masih bergantung pada tali pusat setidaknya tiga menit setelah mereka lahir menunjukkan kontrol gerak motorik yang lebih baik ketika mereka menginjak usia prasekolah dibanding anak yang tali pusatnya segera dipotong begitu mereka lahir. Anak yang tali pusatnya ditunda pemotongannya pun lebih mungkin menunjukkan keterampilan sosial yang lebih baik.
Berapa lama harus menunda memotong tali pusat bayi?
Studi menunjukkan bahwa manfaat menunda pemotongan tali pusar dampaknya lebih besar terlihat pada anak-anak yang lahir prematur, dengan risiko transfusi darah, anemia, dan pendarahan otak yang jauh lebih rendah. Sebagai tanggapan, American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) juga menyarankan untuk menunda pemotongan tali pusat pada bayi prematur.
Menunggu setidaknya 30 detik sampai satu menit sebelum penjepitan tali pusar memungkinkan lebih banyak darah kaya zat besi dari plasenta untuk mencapai bayi yang baru lahir — dan ini telah ditunjukkan memiliki beragam manfaat jangka panjang. Banyak organisasi kesehatan internasional, termasuk Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia, yang bahkan merekomendasikan penjepitan tali pusar dilakukan satu sampai tiga menit setelah bayi lahir.
Beberapa kondisi mengharuskan tali pusat segera dipotong
Namun, keputusan tentang kapan untuk memotong tali pusar harus dibuat setelah diskusi antar dokter dan orang tua, tergantung pada proses persalinan, kesehatan bayi, dan kondisi ibu. Ketakutan awal yang muncul bahwa menunda pemotongan tali pusat dapat memicu perdarahan hebat pada ibu tidak terbukti benar. Tapi dokter tidak akan menunda pemotongan tali pusat jika bayi diketahui memiliki masalah pernapasan dan/atau membutuhkan perawatan darurat.
Jikapun tidak ada masalah yang mendahului, bayi juga perlu dipantau untuk tanda dan gejala penyakit kuning (jaundice), satu peningkatan risiko yang terkait dengan menunda pemotongan tali pusat bayi.
Dilarsir dari : hellosehat.com
loading...
0 Response to "INILAH ALASAN MENGAPA SEBAIKNYA JANGAN BURU-BURU MEMOTONG TALI PUSAR PADA BAYI YANG BARU LAHIR !!"
Posting Komentar